Bio
I am an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics at Harvard University. I graduated from UC Berkeley with a PhD in Economics in 2014.
My research tries to bring insights from psychology to bear on topics in economics, particularly topics relevant to developing countries. Recent projects include studying how a demand for social status affects consumption decisions in Indonesia, how mixing rich and poor students in schools in India affects social preferences and behaviors, how citizens in the United States are motivated to vote by social image concerns, and how the endowment effect influences consumer demand and repayment of different types of collateralized loans.
I am a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), and a faculty affiliate at the The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (JPAL). I serve as an Associate Editor at the Journal of Political Economy.
Curriculum Vitae (Updated May 2018)
Email: grao@fas.harvard.edu
Tel: +1 (857) 998-4505
Address:
Department of Economics
Littauer Center M-30, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138
U.S.A.
Teaching (Spring 2019)
Econ 2338: Behavioral Development Economics
Econ 980: Behavioral Economics of Poverty and Development (junior seminar)
Information for (potential) advisees
Office Hours
Tue 5-6 pm and Wed 4.30-6 pm or by appointment.
Online signup (students only): https://raoofficehours.as.me/
Publications
(with Stefano DellaVigna, John List and Ulrike Malmendier)
American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 2013
Abstract (click to expand): Do men and women have different social preferences? Previous findings are contradictory. We provide a potential explanation using evidence from a field experiment. In a door-to-door solicitation, men and women are equally generous, but women become less generous when it becomes easy to avoid the solicitor. Our structural estimates of the social preference parameters suggest an explanation: women are more likely to be on the margin of giving, partly because of a less dispersed distribution of altruism. We find similar results for the willingness to complete an unpaid survey: women are more likely to be on the margin of participation.
Online Appendix
(with Stefano DellaVigna, John List and Ulrike Malmendier)
Review of Economic Studies, January 2017
Abstract (click to expand): Why do people vote? We design a field experiment to estimate a model of voting `because others will ask'. The expectation of being asked motivates turnout if individuals derive pride from telling others that they voted, or feel shame from admitting that they did not vote, provided that lying is costly. In a door-to-door survey about election turnout, we experimentally vary (i) the informational content and use of a flyer pre-announcing the survey, (ii) the duration and payment for the survey, and (iii) the incentives to lie about past voting. The experimental results indicate significant social image concerns. For the 2010 Congressional election, we estimate a value of voting ‘to tell others’ of about $15, contributing 2 percentage points to turnout. Lastly, we evaluate a get-out-the-vote intervention in which we tell potential voters that we will ask if they voted.
Online Appendix
Data and Code
(with Leonardo Bursztyn, Bruno Ferman, Stefano Fiorin and Martin Kanz)
Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2018
Abstract (click to expand): This paper provides novel field-experimental evidence on status goods. We work with an Indonesian bank that markets platinum credit cards to high-income customers. In a first experiment, we show that demand for the platinum card greatly exceeds demand for a nondescript control product with identical benefits, suggesting demand for the pure status aspect of the card. Transaction data reveal that platinum cards are more likely to be used in social contexts, implying social image motivations. Combining price variation with information on the use of the card sheds light on the magnitude of the demand for social status. In a second experiment, we provide evidence of positional externalities from the consumption of these status goods. The final experiment shows that increasing self-esteem causally reduces demand for status goods. We infer that part of the demand for status is psychological in nature, and that social image is a substitute for self image.
Online Appendix
Data and Code
AEA Pre-Registration
American Economic Review, March 2019
Abstract (click to expand): I exploit a natural experiment in Indian schools to study how being integrated with poor students affects the social behaviors and academic outcomes of rich students. Using administrative data, lab and field experiments to measure outcomes, I find that having poor classmates makes rich students (i) more prosocial, generous and egalitarian; and (ii) less likely to discriminate against poor students, and more willing to socialize with them. These effects are driven by personal interactions between rich and poor students. In contrast, I find mixed but overall modest impacts on rich students' academic achievement.
Online Appendix
(with Michael Kremer and Frank Schilbach)
Forthcoming in Handbook of Behavioral Economics, Volume 2 (2019). Douglas Bernheim, Stefano DellaVigna, and David Laibson (eds.)
Slides (pdf)
Slides (tex and bib files)
Slides (ppt)
Working Papers
(with with Stefano DellaVigna, John List and Ulrike Malmendier)
New Version: June 2016
Abstract (click to expand): We design a model-based field experiment to estimate the nature and magnitude of workers' social references towards their employers. We hire 446 workers for a one-time task. Within worker, we vary (i) piece rates; (ii) whether the work has payoffs only for the worker, or also for the employer; and (iii) the return to the employer. We then introduce a surprise increase or decrease in pay (`gifts') from the employer. We find that workers have substantial baseline social preferences towards their employers, even in the absence of repeated-game incentives. Consistent with models of warm glow or social norms, but not of pure altruism, workers exert substantially more effort when their work is consequential to their employer, but are insensitive to the precise return to the employer. Turning to reciprocity, we find little evidence of a response to unexpected positive (or negative) gifts from the employer. Our structural estimates of the social preferences suggest that, if anything, positive reciprocity in response to monetary `gifts' may be larger than negative reciprocity. We revisit the results of previous field experiments on gift exchange using our model and derive a one-parameter expression for the implied reciprocity in these experiments.
AEA Pre-Registration: This includes a full pre-registration of the structural model
(with Liang Bai, Benjamin Handel and Ted Miguel)
New Version: April 2018
Abstract (click to expand): Self-control problems constitute a potential explanation for the under-investment in preventive health in low-income countries. Behavioral economics offers a tool to solve such problems: commitment devices. We conduct a field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of theoretically-motivated commitment contracts in increasing preventive doctor visits by hypertensive patients in rural India. Despite achieving high take-up of such contracts in some arms, we find no effects on actual doctor visits or individual health outcomes. A substantial number of individuals pay for commitment, but fail to follow through on the specified task, losing money without experiencing any health benefit. We develop and structurally estimate a pre-specified model of consumer behavior under present bias with varying levels of naivete. The results are consistent with a large share of individuals being partially naive about their own self-control problems: sophisticated enough to demand some commitment, but overly optimistic about whether a given level of commitment is sufficiently strong to be effective. The results suggest that commitment devices may in practice be welfare diminishing, at least in some contexts, and serve as a cautionary tale about their role in health care.
AEA Pre-Registration: Including theoretical model and pre-analysis plan
Work in Progress
The Effect of Research Information on Policy Making: Evidence from Brazil
(with Jonas Hjort, Diana Moreira, and Juan Santini)
The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans
(with Kevin Carney, Xinyue Lin, and Michael Kremer)
The Economic and Behavioral Effects of Poor Sleep Among the Urban Poor
(with Frank Schilbach, Heather Schofield, Mattie Toma, and Pedro Tepedino)
Pre-Registration
The Economic Consequences of Depression
(with Jon de Quidt, Johannes Haushofer, Frank Schilbach, and Pierre-Luc Vautrey)
The Long-Run Impacts of Corporal Punishment in Schools
(with Maria Petrova and Brian Wheaton)
Learning in the Household
(with Matthew Ridley and Frank Schilbach)
From Another Life
Interactions between Organizations and Networks in Common-Pool Resource Governance, with Arun Agrawal, Dan Brown, Rick Riolo and Derek Robinson, Environmental Science & Policy, Volume 25, January 2013, Pages 138–146
Preservation or degradation? Communal management and ecological change in a southeast Michigan forest, with Fred Nelson, Elisa Collins, Alain Frechette, Cynthia Koenig, Mosé Jones-Yellin, Brihannala Morgan, Gita Ramsay, and Claudia Rodriguez, Biodiversity and Conservation, October 2008, Volume 17, Issue 11, pp 2757-2772
Personal
Fearless Sidekick - Kirby passed in Aug 2016
